Davey Tree Flipbooks

82 ADJUVANT: Any substance added to an herbicide mix to improve herbicide efficacy. ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDE: A common type of herbicide with a mode of action that affects normal plant growth and development ANNUAL: A life cycle that takes a plant one year to grow from seed through reproduction before dying See summer annual or winter annual for description of life cycles BIENNIAL: A life cycle that takes two years to reproduce before dying. Seeds germinate in the first spring and overwinter as a rosette In the second season the plants develop flowers and produce seed. BLADDER: Leaf-like structures that grow at the base of a flower. BOLT: A stage in a plant's life cycle when a low-growing rosette changes form and begins growing vertically Stems elongate and grow tall eventually producing flower and seed. BOOT-TO-HEAD: The boot-to-head stage is when the seed head begins to develop but has not yet emerged This usually happens around midsummer, and after this point the grass rapidly grows taller while producing flower/seed heads. The boot-to- head stage occurs just after the grass has produced substantial leaves and begins to develop the flowers within a sheath BROADCAST APPLICATION: Herbicide applied from a spray truck on a boom or with boomless nozzles from the road edge to a specified width. Broadcast applications are effective in covering large areas or many lane miles BROADLEAF: An herbaceous plant that has a taproot and leaves that grow wide or radially DIEBACK: When the vegetative portion of the plant dies at the end of a plant's life cycle DIRECTED APPLICATION: Herbicide applied with a skid sprayer and hand gun or backpack and spray wand Herbicides are specifically directed at a target plant or a colony of target plants to reduce collateral damage or application to nontarget plants This method may also be used when weeds are growing in areas that roadside equipment cannot reach FLOWER: A portion of a plant that contains the reproductive organs of the plant. The flower is often the most colorful and noticeable portion of the plant FLOWER HEAD: A grouping of flowers that can appear in different arrangements and shapes along the stalk. The flower group grows as a terminal cluster at the very top of the plant GRASS: A plant with a fibrous root system and long linear leaves with parallel veins HERBICIDE RESISTANCE: A genetic adaptation in a plant population in which some plants develop the ability to survive specific herbicide treatments. LEAF BASE: The bottom area of the leaf where the leaf attaches to other plant parts LEAF MARGIN: The outer edge of a leaf LEAF TIP: The area of the leaf that is furthest away from the leaf stalk LEAFLET: A division of smaller leaves that compose the whole leaf in a compound leaf LOBE: The part of a leaf where the margin extends inward towards the center of the leaf MODE OF ACTION: The way an herbicide disrupts the health of the plant NODE: A point on a stem where a branch or leaf occurs NON-SELECTIVE HERBICIDE: An herbicide that is designed to disrupt the health of all plants; both grasses and broadleaf plants will be affected. OVERWINTER: A plant that germinates in the fall will remain alive and green aboveground, but dormant Plants that overwinter are the first to start growing in the spring PERENNIAL: A life cycle where root systems remain alive for multiple years, while the upper plant may die each year PRE-EMERGENT HERBICIDE: Herbicides that are applied to the soil forming a chemical barrier and preventing seed germination Pre-emergent has no effect on perennial plants. REPRODUCTIVE PARTS: A general term used to describe the male and female reproductive organs of a flower. RESIDUAL HERBICIDE: Herbicides that are active in the soil and work through a plant's root system and control germinating seeds past the time of application Residual herbicides are recommended for difficult-to-control weeds and perennials. RHIZOMES: Thick, fleshy, or bulbous roots of perennial plants that are capable of vegetative reproduction Rhizomes help perennial colonies spread by developing new plant shoots by spreading laterally and sending up new vegetative shoots GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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